Page 1 This document is exclusive property of Cisco Systems, Inc. Permission is granted to print and copy this document for noncommercial distribution and exclusive use by instructors in the CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics course as part of an official Cisco Networking Academy Program.
Page 2 I. Welcome Welcome to the CCNA 2 version 3.1 Instructor Guide. Cisco Worldwide Education (WWE) has developed this guide to provide a helpful resource for instructors. This introduction will emphasize four themes: • Student-centered, instructor-facilitated model • One size does not fit all •...
Page 3 Hands-On, Skills-Based The core of the CCNA 2 experience is the sequence of hands-on labs. Labs are designated as either essential or optional. Essential labs include information that is fundamental to the CCNA Academy student experience. This information will help students prepare for the certification exam, succeed in job situations, and develop their cognitive abilities.
Page 4 Cisco online tools and utilities • CCNA assessment guidelines • Evidence-centered design of assessment tasks in the Networking Academy program • Instructional best practices 3 - 238 CCNA 2 Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Welcome Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 5: Course Overview
Background in computer programming Course Description CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics is the second of four CCNA courses that lead to the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) designation. CCNA 2 focuses on initial router configuration, Cisco IOS Software management, routing protocol configuration, TCP/IP, and access control lists (ACLs).
Page 6 Students must successfully complete the CCNA 2 course before they can achieve CCNA certification. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to perform tasks related to the following: • Routers and their roles in WANs • Cisco IOS Software Management •...
Page 7 35 hours will be designated to curriculum content. A case study on routing is required. The format and timing should be determined by the Local Academy. 6 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Course Overview Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 8 Case study is required with format and timing determined by the Local Academy • More interactive flash activities • Sequence of over 40 e-Labs • Lab focus on two-router labs 7 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Course Overview Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 9 Hands-on skills There is some overlap between hands-on skills and claims. These statements emphasize hands-on, lab-based learning. 8 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Teaching Guide: TI by TI Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 10 TIs are also referred to as enabling objectives or RIOs. TIs typically consist of a text frame with graphics and several media content items. 9 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Teaching Guide: TI by TI Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 11 WANs and LANs, and will identify WAN connections, encapsulations, and protocols. Module 1 Caution WANs will be taught in detail in CCNA 4. In CCNA 2, it is important to teach students the fundamental basics of WANs and roles that routers play in the WAN connection. Inform the students that the serial interfaces will be used to simulate the DCE to DTE WAN connection.
Page 12 CCNA exam. 1.1.2 Introduction to routers in a WAN Routers and computers have four basic common components: • • 11 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 1 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 13 The distribution layer provides a boundary by using filters to limit what gets to the core. • The access layer feeds traffic into the network and controls entry into the network. 12 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 1 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 14 V.35 connectors. If they can understand this picture, then they will realize that they are working with a complete WAN minus the carrier services. 13 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 1 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 15 CCNA 2 Lab setup. This is a good place to introduce troubleshooting and the Layer 1 issues that occur in CCNA 2. It is also a fairly simple and fun activity. 1.2 Routers Essential Labs: 1.2.5, 1.2.6, and 1.2.7...
Page 16 The console port is a management port used to provide out-of-band access to a router. It is used for the initial configuration of the router, monitoring, and disaster recovery procedures. 15 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 1 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 17 Ask students to perform the following tasks: • List the physical layer standards that Cisco routers support. • List the different types of WAN connections. 16 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 1 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 18 The physical characteristics of a router • The common ports on a router • How to connect router console, LAN, and WAN ports 17 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 1 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 19 Establish a HyperTerminal session on a router • Log into a router • Use the help feature in the command-line interface • Troubleshoot command errors 18 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 2 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 20 To enter the privileged mode from user mode the enable command must be entered. The privileged mode is used to access other modes to configure the router. 19 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 2 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 21 Encourage the students to conduct research online at www.cisco.com for more information on how to obtain various IOS images. 20 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 2 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 23 The context-sensitive help is one of the most useful features of the IOS. Teach the student that the question mark (?) is extremely helpful in the router. 22 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 2 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 24 Down Arrow key to recall more recent commands in the history. The Ctrl-P and Ctrl-N features are also likely to be tested on the CCNA exam. 23 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 2 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 25 Explain to students is that this is the only command that can be used to examine the configuration register. 24 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 2 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 26 Use the enhanced editing commands • Use the command history • Troubleshoot command line errors • Use the show version command 25 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 2 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 27 CCNA 1. This module presents the core skills that the students will use to build all Cisco device configurations. From this point in the CCNA 2 curriculum through the end of the CCNA 4 curriculum, students may be deprived of the opportunity to learn about the IOS if the student-to-equipment ratio is high.
Page 28 Configure an interface description • Configure a message-of-the-day banner • Configure host tables • Understand the importance of backups and documentation 27 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 29 There are several advantages to this. One is that the commands are generally shorter because the object of the mode, i.e., the interface, or routing protocol, to 28 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 30 Use the command line vty 0 4 to establish a login password on incoming Telnet sessions. 29 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 31 0/0 • sh run for show running-configuration • sh run int fa0/0 for show running-configuration fastethernet 0/0 30 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 32 Issue the no form of a configuration command. • Restart the system and reload the original configuration file from NVRAM. 31 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 33: Configuring An Ethernet Interface
00:20:46: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to 00:20:47: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up rt1(config-if)# 32 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 34: Finishing The Configuration
The use of these standards is very important for troubleshooting. Explain to students that the same network associate will not always troubleshoot the network device. If the previous 33 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 35 Important concepts for students to understand are that each description is for a particular interface and the description is entered in interface configuration. 34 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 36 EXEC commands. A host name resolution is the process a computer system uses to associate a name with a network address. 35 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 37 A router can be configured by loading the configuration file stored on one of the network servers. The configuration of a router can also be saved to a disk or hard drive by 36 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 38 What is the command used to copy RAM to NVRAM? • What is the command used to copy NVRAM to RAM? 37 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 39 • Configuration backup and documentation is extremely important to keep a network operating properly. 38 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 3 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 40 Verify a Telnet connection • Disconnect from a Telnet session • Suspend a Telnet session • Perform alternative connectivity tests 39 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 4 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 41 Students may not be familiar with multicasting. A brief explanation may be required at this point. The following link provides information on Cisco IP multicast implementation. http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/Tech/multicast 40 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 4 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 42 The show cdp neighbors command allows students to perform the associated Flash e- Lab. 41 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 4 Definition Identifies the device name in the form of a character string...
Page 43 CDP on a particular interface. The cdp run command is a global configuration command that enables CDP on a Cisco device. Students should also be comfortable with the no form of these commands. Relevant TIs from CCNA 2 v2.1.4 are 4.3.3 and 4.3.4.
Page 45 Have students perform the CDP neighbor lab. Web Links http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios121/121cgcr/fun_r/frprt3/frd3001b .htm 44 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 4 Purpose Deletes information about neighbors from the CDP table Reset traffic counters to zero...
Page 46 Microsoft Windows. It can be used to connect to other PCs, servers, or devices. Demonstrate various telnet connection commands. 45 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 4 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 47 The resume [session number] command can be used to resume a Telnet session. The process id of a session can also be entered to resume the session. 46 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 4 Address Byte Idle Conn Name 192.168.10.1...
Page 48 Many firewalls and access-lists today do not allow ICMP traffic. 47 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 4 Address Byte Idle Conn Name 192.168.10.1...
Page 49 1 LAB-B (201.100.11.2) 36 msec 28 msec 24 msec 2 LAB-C (199.6.13.2) 36 msec 44 msec 40 msec 3 LAB-C (199.6.13.2) !H * !H 48 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 4 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 50 This could be a discussion about problems that might be experienced in the lab or problems can be placed on the student network. 49 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 4 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 51 How to suspend a Telnet session • How to perform alternative connectivity tests • How to troubleshoot remote terminal connections 50 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 4 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 52 Use TFTP to load an IOS image • Use XModem to load an IOS image • Use show commands to verify the file system 51 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 5 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 53 The boot system commands can be used to identify a fallback sequence of locations to look for the IOS. 52 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 5 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 54 Students must be familiar with the boot sequence and the configuration register to be able to troubleshoot boot errors. 53 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 5 Location from which the router will boot. ROM monitor mode, manual boot...
Page 55 Course-Level Claim: Students can manage system image and device configuration files. Certification-Level Claim: Students can manage system image and device configuration files. Hands-on skills: none 54 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 5 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 56 Show students some of the tools for IOS planning that are available on the Cisco website. Most of these are only available to users who have obtained user ids through SmartNet. http://www.cisco.com/warp/customer/620/1.html http://www.cisco.com/en/US/customer/products/sw/iosswrel/ios_abcs_ios_networking_the_ent erprise0900aecd800a4e14.html 55 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 5 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 57 • Use the show running-config command to display the configuration • Press the Spacebar when each -More- prompt appears 56 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 5 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 58 Students must understand each of the procedures. A backup configuration file is necessary for any network administrator. Explain that minimal down time is required in any network. 57 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 5 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 59 To restore the image through the console, the local PC needs to have a copy of the IOS file to restore and a terminal emulation program. 58 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 5 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 60 IOS. Boot system commands are processed in the order of their appearance in the configuration file. 59 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 5 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 61 TFTP server • Make sure the boot commands are reviewed. Stress the importance of familiarity with the bootup procedures. 60 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 5 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 62 Manage IOS images with TFTP • Manage IOS images with Xmodem • Verify the file system using show commands 61 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 5 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 63 • Identify interior gateway protocols • Identify exterior gateway protocols • Enable Routing Information Protocol (RIP) on a router 62 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 64 The administrator can specify the outgoing interface or the next-hop IP address of the adjacent router. 63 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 65 Here is an example of how a default administrative distance of 0 can be changed to an administrative distance of 255: Rt1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 255 64 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 66: Configuring Static Routes
192.168.0.0 will make it to network 192.168.2.0, but will not know how to get back. A relevant TI from CCNA 2 v2.1.4 is 12.1.4. 65 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 67 The show running-config command is used to view the active configuration in NVRAM to verify that the static route was entered correctly. 66 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 68 If an echo reply is not received after a ping, the traceroute command will be used to determine which router in the route path is dropping the packets. 67 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 69 Rt1#traceroute 192.168.2.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to 192.168.2.1 1 192.168.1.2 16 msec 16 msec * Rt1# 68 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 70 It is possible for routers with different autonomous system numbers and different protocols to communicate if redistribution is used. Redistribution will not be covered in this section. 69 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 71 30 seconds and IGRP sends its entire table every 90 seconds. The algorithm eventually accumulates network distances so that it can maintain a database of 70 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 72: Routing Protocols Overview
None Optional Labs: None Core TIs: Optional TIs: none Course-Level Claim: Students can evaluate the characteristics of routing protocols. 71 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 73 The protocols have different characteristics and were designed for different purposes. In some instances administrators will want to use RIP and other times they will use BGP. 72 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 74 Interior routing protocols are designed to be used in a network that is under the control of a single organization. The protocols used in CCNA 2 will be IGPs. The protocols RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, and OSPF are all IGPs. Exterior routing protocols are designed for use between two different autonomous systems.
Page 75 RIP, IGRP, OSPF, EIGRP, and BGP routing protocols • Autonomous systems and IGP versus EGP • Distance vector routing • Link-state routing 74 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 6 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 76 • Configure static routes for RIP • Verify RIP • Configure IGRP • Verify IGRP operation • Troubleshoot IGRP 75 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 77 Router C, the preferred path to Network 1 is by way of Router B and the distance from Router C to Network 1 is three. 76 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 78 Instruct students to write their updates on paper and reenact the scenario from the figure and description. 77 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Problem: Routing Loops Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 79 Network 1 arrives from Router A, Router B or Router D cannot send information about Network 1 back to Router A. Split-horizon reduces incorrect routing information and reduces routing overhead. [2] 78 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 80 Router A originally informed Router B about the status of Network 1. Refer to Figure [1] Routing Update for a graphical representation of this process. 79 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 81 Make sure students understand that a triggered update is generated by the router that detects a topology change and sends the update to its neighbors. 80 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Router A Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 82 Certification Level Claim: Students can troubleshoot and configure routing protocols based on user requirements. Hands-on skills: none 81 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 83 Run IGRP and RIP concurrently • Disable the validation of source IP addresses • Enable or disable split horizon 82 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 84 For RIP to function in a non-broadcast environment, neighbor relationships must be configured. This can be accomplished with the neighbor ip address router configuration 83 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 85 RIP: ignored v1 update from bad source 219.17.100.1 on Ethernet0 RIP: received v1 update from 201.100.11.2 on Serial0 204.204.7.0 in 2 hops 223.8.151.0 in 2 hops 84 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 86 Since the metric for RIP is hop count, equal-cost paths indicate that a network can be reached through multiple paths that have the same hop count. 85 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 87 Certification-Level Claim: Students can troubleshoot and configure routing protocols based on user requirements. Hands-on skills: none 86 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 88 A link with higher bandwidth will have a lower metric. A link with lower cumulative delay will have a lower metric. 87 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 89 The show ip protocol command should be used to view the timers and then timers should be changed and viewed again. 88 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 90 Have the students configure IGRP on the lab topology. 7.3.6 Migrating from RIP to IGRP With the creation of the IGRP in the early 80s, Cisco Systems was the first company to solve the problems associated with RIP. IGRP was designed to have a greater maximum hop count, which gave it more scalability for larger companies.
Page 92 How to verify RIP configuration • IGRP features • IGRP metrics • IGRP routes • IGRP stability features • How to configure IGRP 91 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 93 • How to migrate RIP to IGRP • How to verify IGRP configuration • How to troubleshoot IGRP 92 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 7 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 94 Identify a variety of ICMP control messages that are used in networks • Determine the causes for ICMP control messages 93 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 8 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 95 ICMP messages. Stress to the students that it is possible to have a datagram delivery error that is never reported back to the sender of the data. 94 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 8 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 96 1. As each router processes the datagram, the TTL value decreases by one. 2. When the TTL value reaches zero, the packet is discarded. 95 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 8 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 97 The error does not relate to the state of the destination host or network, but it will still prevent the datagram from being processed and delivered. 96 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 8 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 98 The subnet/network of the source IP address is the same subnet/network of the next hop IP address of the routed packet. • The datagram is not source-routed. 97 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 8 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 99 When a host on a network boots and has not been manually configured with a default gateway, it can learn the available routers through the process of router discovery. This 98 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 8 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 100 SOHO. Develop an example of network congestion. Have the students come up with their own ideas about the factors that cause network congestion. 99 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 8 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 101 ICMP address mask request and reply messages • ICMP router discovery message • ICMP router solicitation message • ICMP congestion and flow control messages 100 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 8 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 102 Use the show controllers serial command to ensure the proper cable is attached • Use basic debug commands to monitor router activity 101 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 9 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 103 Before routers can dynamically exchange information, an administrator must configure at least one router with a default route. 102 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 9 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 104 The route with the lowest administrative distance is considered the best route. 103 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 9 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 105 Stress the importance of these commands. Use examples to show the students the information generated by these commands. 104 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 9 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 107 TCP/IP. The telnet command will be discussed in later sections of the curriculum. At this point, students should understand the functions of Telnet. 106 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 9 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 108 ID, and the device. The version of Cisco IOS that is used on the remote devices is also shown. 107 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 9 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 109 This information requires specific knowledge of the integrated circuit. This is an important concept for the students to understand to help in 108 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 9 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 110 It should only be used to diagnose a problem and then it should be turned off. Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 109 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 9...
Page 111 Use the following commands to troubleshoot various router problems: show cdp – traceroute – show controllers serial – debug – 110 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 9 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 112 Describe port numbering and well known ports • Understand the differences and the relationship between MAC addresses, IP addresses, and port numbers 111 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 10 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 113 + 1, and includes its own initial sequence number of y. It also sets the SYN bit to indicate the start of the return conversation. 112 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 10 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 114 This helps the student understand the entire process of TCP and why it is considered reliable and connection-oriented. 113 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 10 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 115 Application layer protocols provide more reliability. Since the UDP header is smaller than the TCP header, UDP has less overhead. 114 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 10 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 117 23. Since the port is not the standard port 23, the open port 14002 would have to be known or discovered by a user to successfully telnet to this host. 116 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 10 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 118 This type of broadcast communication is an inefficient use of bandwidth and also wastes valuable CPU resources on the hosts. 117 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 10 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 119 Port numbering and well-known ports • Example of multiple sessions between hosts • Comparison of MAC addresses, IP addresses, and port numbers 118 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 10 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 120 Certification-Level Claim: Students can implement access lists, develop an access list to meet user specifications, and evaluate rules for packet control. Hands-on skills: none 119 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 11 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 121 Grant or deny user permission to access only certain types of files such as FTP or HTTP The labs in CCNA 2 have allowed all traffic with no filtering. The students must understand the path, or know the source and destination address of the packets to apply the concept of an ACL.
Page 122: Creating Acls
1 permit ? Hostname or A.B.C.D Address to match host rt1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.0.1 ? 121 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 11 IP extended access list Protocol type-code access list DECnet access list...
Page 123 These rules will help students become successful with using ACLs. This is not an all-inclusive list and it can be presented in any order. 122 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 11 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 124 Use incorrect wildcard masks • Do not apply the ACL to an interface • Filter in the wrong direction on an interface 123 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 11 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 125: Access Control Lists (Acls)
Ask the students which interface is closest to the destination and then ask if the packet is going in or out the interface. 124 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 11 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 126: Extended Acls
Match only packets with a lower port number Match only packets not on a given port number 125 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 11 Log matches against this entry, including input Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 127: Named Acls
Control access list log updates logging Control access list logging standard Standard Access List 126 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 11 Match packets with given precedence value Specify a time-range Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 128 CCNA 2 will cover standard, extended, and named ACLs. Other types will be covered in the CCNP classes. 127 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 11 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 129 Here are the commands to apply the access list: Rt1(config)#line vty 0 4 Rt1(config-line)#login Rt1(config-line)#password secret Rt1(config-line)#access-class 2 in 128 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 11 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 130 ACLs are typically used in firewall routers. • Access lists can also restrict virtual terminal access to the router. 129 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Module 11 Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 131: Case Study
This case study allows students to complete a network design, implementation, and troubleshooting project using the skills gained in CCNA 2. Students will use the skills that have already been developed to use, make, and connect the proper cabling to the appropriate devices.
Page 132 Use the following information to implement the network. Network address ___________________________ Required number of subnets __________________ Routing protocol ___________________________ Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 131 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study...
Page 133 Obtain approval of this phase of development from the team leader before proceeding to Phase 3. Instructor approval ___________________Date __________________ Network Diagram - IP Addressing 132 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 134 Enable the interfaces Add Routing Protocol Add Network Statements Note *: As needed Table continued on next page 133 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Boaz Center Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 135 Message of the Day Serial 0/0 description Serial 0/1 description Fa 0/0 description Fa 0/1 description Instructor approval _____________________________ Date __________________ Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 134 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study...
Page 136 Ping from Workstation 2 to Workstation 5 Ping from Workstation 2 to Workstation 3 Ping from Router Eva to Workstation 3 Ping from Router Boaz to Workstation 5 135 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study SUCCESSFUL BLOCKED BLOCKED...
Page 137 Security management documentation show ip interface show ip access lists Instructor approval _____________________________ Date __________________ 136 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Boaz Center Boaz Center Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 138 Router output from the following commands should be captured and placed into this documentation: • show cdp neighbors • show ip route • show ip protocol 137 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 139 • show ip interface • show version • show hosts • show startup-config • show ip access-list 138 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 140 The drawing should be approved by the instructor. The following topics can be used for class discussion: • The reasons for using private IP addressing 139 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Range 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 –...
Page 141 Questions might include: “Why have two types of documentation?”, “What happens when a piece of equipment fails?”, and so forth. 140 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 142 Redistributing: igrp 11 Routing for Networks: 172.16.0.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway 172.16.64.1 Distance: (default is 100) 141 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Local Intrfce Holdtme Ser 0 2500 Distance Last Update...
Page 143 Default domain is not set Name/address lookup uses domain service Name servers are 255.255.255.255 Host Centre Boaz 142 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study IP-Address OK? Method Status 172.16.96.1 YES manual up 172.16.64.2...
Page 144 0 line vty 0 4 password cisco login Boaz# 143 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study tcp 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255 any eq telnet icmp 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255 any Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 145 Extended IP access list 101 permit ip 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255 host 172.16.32.5 (7 matches) permit ip 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255 (72 matches) 144 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 146 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255 any eq telnet deny icmp 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255 any (8 matches) Boaz# 145 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 147 172.16.128.2 172.16.64.2 Distance: (default is 100) Centre#show ip interface brief Interface Ethernet0 Ethernet1 Serial0 Serial1 146 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Local Intrfce Holdtme 2500 2500 Distance Last Update 00:40:35 00:01:07...
Page 148 5 $1$MlW5$wj.I9efI57i0AxLPf4qOj/ interface Ethernet0 description Centre LAN workgroup interface ip address 172.16.32.1 255.255.224.0 interface Ethernet1 147 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Flags Age Type Address(es) (perm, OK) 4 172.16.64.1 172.16.128.1 172.16.32.1...
Page 149 ^CThis is a SECURE SYSTEM. UNAUTHORIZED USERS will be prosecuted.^C line con 0 password cisco login line aux 0 line vty 0 4 password cisco login Centre# 148 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 150 Serial1 is up, line protocol is up Internet address is 172.16.128.1/19 Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255 Address determined by setup command MTU is 1500 bytes 149 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 151 Probe proxy name replies are disabled Gateway Discovery is disabled Policy routing is disabled Centre#show ip access-lists <none applied> Centre# 150 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 152 IOS (tm) 3000 Software (IGS-J-L), Version 11.1(5), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-1996 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 05-Aug-96 11:48 by mkamson 151 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Local Intrfce Holdtme Ser 1...
Page 153 Eva#show hosts Default domain is not set Name/address lookup uses static mappings Host Boaz Centre 152 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Flags Age Type Address(es) (perm, OK) 4 172.16.64.2 172.16.96.1 (perm, OK) 4 172.16.64.1 172.16.128.1...
Page 154 0 4 password cisco login Eva# 153 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study tcp 172.16.160.0 0.0.31.255 any eq telnet icmp 172.16.160.0 0.0.31.255 any Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 155 Policy routing is disabled Eva#show ip access-lists Extended IP access list 103 permit ip 172.16.160.0 0.0.31.255 host 172.16.32.5 (15 matches) 154 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 156 172.16.160.0 0.0.31.255 172.16.160.0 0.0.31.255 (225 matches) deny tcp 172.16.160.0 0.0.31.255 any eq telnet deny icmp 172.16.160.0 0.0.31.255 any (20 matches) Eva# 155 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Case Study Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 157 V. Appendices: A) Cisco Online Tools and Utilities B) Instructional Best Practices 156 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendices Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 158: Appendix A: Cisco Online Tools And Utilities
Appendix A: Cisco Online Tools and Utilities Cisco Systems offer a wide range of online documents and tools to assist in the configuration, troubleshooting, and optimization of routers and switches. These resources can be found on the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) website at http://www.cisco.com/tac. To learn more about the Cisco TAC website visit http://www.cisco.com/public/news_training/tac_overview.html.
Page 159 The report also includes crash analysis and error message decodes, which were previously supported by the Stack Decoder and the Error Message Decoder tools. http://www.cisco.com/cgi-bin/Support/OutputInterpreter/home.pl Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 158 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix A...
Page 160 2 Error Message Decoder Explanations for console error message strings are listed in the Cisco Software System Messages guide. http://www.cisco.com/cgi-bin/Support/Errordecoder/home.pl Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 159 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix A...
Page 161 The toolkit can be used to determine why a feature does not work. http://www.cisco.com/cgi-bin/Support/Bugtool/launch_bugtool.pl Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 160 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix A...
Page 162: Ip Subnet Calculator
IP Subnet Calculator is a Web-based resource that is used to calculate the subnet mask based on several variables. This tool can be used to verify network settings. http://www.cisco.com/cgi-bin/Support/IpSubnet/home.pl Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 161 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix A...
Page 163 This Web page is the source for Cisco password recovery procedures. The password recovery procedure for every Cisco device can be found here. http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/474/ Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 162 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix A...
Page 164 These solutions, which are provided directly by TAC engineers, help resolve networking problems. http://www.cisco.com/kobayashi/support/tac/tsa/launch_tsa.html Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 163 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix A...
Page 165 Cisco IOS and CatOS releases, compare IOS releases, or find out which software releases support their hardware. http://www.cisco.com/cgi-bin/Support/CompNav/Index.pl Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 164 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix A...
Page 166 Cisco IOS Software release for the features they want to run on their networks. Users can search by feature, search by release, or compare two different releases. http://tools.cisco.com/ITDIT/CFN/jsp/index.jsp Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 165 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix A...
Page 167 Networking Professionals Connection discussion forums. http://www.cisco.com/kobayashi/support/tac/s_tac.shtml Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 166 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix A...
Page 168: Appendix B: Instructional Best Practices
The ideas presented in this module are taken from international sources such as kindergarten through high school, community colleges, universities, instructional design and training models, and the IT teaching community. 167 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 169 ISTE has considered the need for planning and integration as well as the emergence of new technologies in classrooms. The six categories are as follows: • Technology operations and concepts 168 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B http://www.iste.org/ http://www.teachingquality.org/ http://www.mff.org/edtech/ http://www.ncrel.org/...
Page 170 Educational standards are important in all countries. The Academy program can be tailored by region, by country, and by curriculum to achieve alignment with international educational standards. 169 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 171 American Association for the Advancement of Science: http://www.aaas.org/ The National Academy of Science: http://www.nas.edu/ National Research Council (NRC): http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 172 They also investigated instructional practices, home contexts, school characteristics, and policies. The next TIMSS assessment will occur in 2003. Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 171 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 173 Students in a group setting will search for information about issues that surface during their discussion. Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 172 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 174 Logical/Mathematical intelligence allows students to understand and interact with numbers, symbols, and patterns, especially within the disciplines of math and science. 173 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 175 Program encourages instructors to identify the intelligence that best reflects the learning style of individual students. Web Links Project Zero: http://www.pz.harvard.edu/ 174 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 176 Students begin to realize that they will often require a team approach to find the solution to essential questions. In inquiry-based learning, this team consists of the students and the instructor. 175 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 177 • Make sure the labs are well lighted so the speaker can be clearly seen. 176 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B http://www.biopoint.com/msla/links.html http://www.4teachers.org/projectbased/ Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 178 Web Links Disabilities, Teaching Strategies, and Resources: 177 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B http://www.as.wvu.edu/~scidis/sitemap.html Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 179 Mnemonics can use pictures, music, color, and movement. This strategy is related to Howard Gardner's work with multiple intelligences. 178 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 180 Web Links National Center for Learning Disabilities: Strategies for Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities: http://www.as.wvu.edu/~scidis/learning.html 179 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B http://www.ncld.org/ Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 181 Intermediate routing protocol implementation • Use of access control lists to provide traffic control and security on a simple network 180 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 182 Standard and premium lab bundles are available. A variety of optional bundles are also available. The student-to-equipment ratio should be as low as possible. Web Links Cisco Networking Academy Program: 181 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B http://cisco.netacad.net Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 183 The required lab equipment for CCNP 1 includes workstations, routers, and switches. CCNP 1 students acquire lab skills that enable them to perform the following tasks: • Design scalable networks 182 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 184 Standard and premium lab bundles are available. A variety of optional bundles are also available. The student-to-equipment ratio should be as low as possible. Web Links Cisco Networking Academy Program: 183 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B http://cisco.netacad.net Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 185 PC with a browser that is connected to the Internet, students can perform these configuration tasks outside of the Academy. Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 184 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 186 NETLAB. Web Links NGD NETLAB: http://www.netdevgroup.com/netlab.htm 185 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B with any questions or requests for additional Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 188 Cisco Networking Academy Program. B.2.5 Sponsored curriculum labs Figure 1: Sponsored Curriculum Labs 187 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 189 Figure 2: Sponsored Curriculum Labs Figure 3: Sponsored Curriculum Labs Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 188 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 190 This is a hands-on, lab-oriented, 70-hour course. It stresses the following competencies: • Documentation • Design • Installation issues 189 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 191 GoLiveTM, Adobe LiveMotionTM, and Adobe Premiere®. This course has been designed as a 70-hour course. However, since it uses five Adobe applications, it may be beneficial to use a 190 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 192 Web Links Instructor Community: New Courses: http://cisco.netacad.net/cnacs/prot-doc/new_courses.html Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 191 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 193 B.2.6 Emerging technologies Figure 1: PIX Firewall PhotoZoom Figure 2: IP Phone Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 192 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 194 , wireless LANs , and other networking technologies. Web Links Network security issues: http://cisco.com/warp/public/779/largeent/issues/security/ IP Telephony: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/largeent/learn/technologies/IPtelephony.html Wireless solutions: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/smbiz/netsolutions/find/wireless.shtml Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 193 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 195 Demonstrate the typical failure modes of that system • Allow students to experience first hand the symptoms of those failure modes 194 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B shows one Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 196 Provide opportunities for students to practice diagnosis and repair Web Links Teaching Methods Web Resources: http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/education/methods/resources.html The Universal Troubleshooting Process (UTP): http://www.troubleshooters.com/tuni.htm Journal of Technology Education: http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v2n2/html/deluca.html Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 195 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 197 This need for versatile apprentices became the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) curriculum. 196 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 198 As a result, they are even more determined to complete the program and continue their pursuit of a career in the industry". Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 197 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 199 They will learn that the ability to employ good problem-solving procedures and documentation will ultimately determine their success with problem solving. Eventually, Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 198 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 200 Web Links Dartmouth Problem-Solving and Design Method: http://thayer.dartmouth.edu/teps/index.html Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 199 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 201 It was first implemented in the 1940s by Alex Osborne and it was revised in the early 1980s by Bob Eberle. 200 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 202 SCAMPER emphasizes that no response is too crazy or inconceivable. Web Links Gifted Education - A Resource Guide for Teachers: http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/specialed/gifted/process.htm Scamper: http://www.discover.tased.edu.au/english/scamper.htm 201 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 203 Figure 1 shows a case study from the CCNP curriculum. The International Travel Agency is a fictitious business for which a CCNP certified individual might be asked to provide network services. Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 202 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 204 Use of Master Classroom Technology to Implement a Case Study Approach to Learning: http://www.mtsu.edu/~itconf/papers96/MASTER.HTM Case Study Teaching in Science: A Bibliography: http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/projects/cases/article2.htm Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 203 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 205 Web Links Cisco: http://www.cisco.com/ Sun: http://www.sun.com/index.xml Adobe: http://www.adobe.com/ Panduit: http://www.panduit.com/ Hewlett Packard: http://www.hp.com/ Google: http://www.google.com/ Yahoo: http://www.yahoo.com/ 204 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 206 A pretest or focus question to test for comprehension • The actual lecture • A short question or activity 205 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 207 Studies have found that relatively short, engaging lectures that include demonstrations are excellent adjuncts to the online curriculum and lab activities. Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 206 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 208 Reflect – Students think about, and respond to, questions about the learning. Their responses focus on the content, product, process, and progress. 207 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 209 The instructors can assign members to a group. • The students can work with other students based on the classroom seating arrangement. 208 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 210 This student configuration facilitates the following activities: • Teacher-led discussions 209 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 211 Web Links Teaching Strategies: Group Work and Cooperative Learning: http://www.crlt.umich.edu/tstrategies/tsgwcl.html Enhancing Student Thinking through Collaborative Learning. ERIC Digest: http://www.ericfacility.net/ericdigests/ed422586.html 210 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 212 Web Links Training: How To Do Tasks: http://www.cvm.tamu.edu/wklemm/logic10.html Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 211 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 213 Dr. Rowe discovered that if the wait time was extended from about 1 212 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Figure 1: Ask the Right Questions...
Page 214 11(4), 29l-308. Many resources about different forms of wait time are also available on the Web. 213 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 215 Web Links PMI: http://www.mindtools.com/pmi.html Activating and Engaging Habits of Mind: http://www.ascd.org/cms/objectlib/ascdframeset/index.cfm?publication=http://www.ascd.org/pu blications/books/2000costa1/2000costatoc.html 214 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 216 B.4.7 Graphic organizers Figure 1: Cluster Diagram Figure 2: Problem-Solving Matrix Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 215 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 218 Figure 5: Extended Star Topology in a Multi-Building Campus Figure 6: Main Building First Floor Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 217 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 219 Figure 7: Digital Signal Figure 8: Spectrum Diagram of a Voltage versus Frequency Graph Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 218 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 220 Figure 9: Data Encapsulation Figure 10: Ethernet and IEEE 802.3 Frame Format Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 219 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 221 Graphic organizers also enable students to arrange large chunks of new information into smaller chunks. These smaller pieces are easier to learn and understand. Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 220 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 222 • Bits • Bytes • Analog signals • Digital signals • Noise, attenuation • Reflection 221 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 223 • Collision • • • • • Encoding • Transmission errors Web Links David Ausubel: Advance Organizers http://chd.gse.gmu.edu/immersion/knowledgebase/strategies/cognitivism/AdvancedOrganizers .htm 222 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 224 Instructors also demonstrate risk-taking behaviors in the classroom. They encourage their students to try new strategies if they believe a strategy may help them reach their goals. Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 223 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 225 B.4.9 Kinesthetic activities Figure 1: Kinesthetic Activities Figure 2: Kinesthetic Activities Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 224 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 226 Students can create a script for role-playing or ad-lib the actions and dialogue. Web Links Kinesthetic Teaching: http://www.mindsinmotion.org/creative.html Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 225 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 227 Student teams or small groups design analogies to explain concepts to other teams of students. Web Links Learning Through Technology: 226 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B http://www.wcer.wisc.edu/nise/cl1/ilt/default.asp Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 228 After each lesson, students should reflect on one or more of the following categories: • Content • Product • Process 227 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 229 • Group activities • Instructor performance • Progress • Shortcomings • Goals for further learning • Applications of knowledge 228 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 230 Web Links Student Reflection Questions: http://pblmm.k12.ca.us/PBLGuide/PlanAssess/StReflectionQuestions.html Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 229 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 232 Web Links RUBISTAR: http://rubistar.4teachers.org/ Rubrics and Assessments: http://home.socal.rr.com/exworthy/rubric.htm Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 231 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 233 It can also serve as an impressive display for potential employers. Web Links Guidelines for Portfolio Assessment in Teaching English: http://www.etni.org.il/ministry/portfolio/default.html Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 232 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 236 Formative and summative exams Cisco recommends a simple pass or fail grade, with opportunities to retake the skills exam if necessary. 235 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 237 Web Links Certification Magazine: http://www.certmag.com/issues/aug01/feature_long.cfm CCIE: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/625/ccie/ Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 236 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...
Page 238 Assessment – Do all students have access to online and skills-based formative and summative assessments? • Technology – What technologies enable the effective teaching of UNIX? 237 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Page 239 In this section, Cisco presented some useful content, tools, and perspectives. Ultimately, instructors should decide what teaching methods are best for their students. Copyright © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. 238 - 238 CCNA 2: Routers and Routing Basics v3.1 Instructor Guide – Appendix B...

Cisco CCNA 2 Instructor Manual

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Summary of Contents for Cisco CCNA 2

Page 5: Course Overview

Page 22: Starting A Router

Page 33: Configuring An Ethernet Interface

Page 34: Finishing The Configuration

Page 66: Configuring Static Routes

Page 72: Routing Protocols Overview

Page 106: Network Testing

Page 122: Creating Acls

Page 125: Access Control Lists (Acls)

Page 126: Extended Acls

Page 127: Named Acls

Page 131: Case Study

Page 158: Appendix A: Cisco Online Tools And Utilities

Page 162: Ip Subnet Calculator

Page 168: Appendix B: Instructional Best Practices

Cisco CCNA 2 Instructor Manual

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