Page 1 Bode 100 User Manual...
Page 2 The product information, specifications, and technical data embodied in this manual represent the technical status at the time of writing and are subject to change without prior notice. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. OMICRON Lab and Smart Measurement Solutions are registered trademarks of OMICRON electronics.
Page 3: Table Of Contents
Designated use ........................Cleaning ..........................Compliance statements and recycling ................Compliance statement ......................Information for disposal and recycling ................Bode 100 and accessories ..................... 10 Delivered items ........................10 Optional accessories ......................11 Technical data ........................12 Absolute maximum ratings ....................12 Bode 100 specifications .....................
Page 4 Exporting and saving measurement data or settings ............109 11.1.1 Loading and saving the equipment configuration ................11.1.2 Use the clipboard functions to export data ..................11.1.3 Use the clipboard to import data ......................11.1.4 Exporting measurement data to CSV or Excel files ................OMICRON Lab...
Page 5 Non-Invasive Stability Measurement ....................11.7.2 Fres-Q Calculation ..........................11.7.3 Stability margin calculation ........................ 11.8 Averaging ........................... 150 11.9 Unwrapped phase ......................151 11.10 Check for updates ......................153 Automating measurements ..................... 154 Troubleshooting ....................... 155 Support ..........................156 Index ........................... 157 OMICRON Lab...
Page 6: About This User Manual
It contains helpful instructions on how to use Bode 100 safely, properly, and efficiently. This Bode 100 manual provides you information on how to install the Bode Analyzer Suite and how to use it in combination with the Bode 100 vector network analyzer.
Page 7: Safety Instructions
• Do not open Bode 100 or remove any of its housing components. • The Bode 100 does not contain any serviceable parts. Do not open the Bode 100 or carry out any modifications, extensions, or adaptations. • Use Bode 100 in observance of all existing safety requirements from national and international standards for accident prevention and environmental protection.
Page 8: Designated Use
The advisory procedures and information contained within this document have been compiled as a guide to the safe and effective operation of Bode 100. It has been prepared in conjunction with application engineers and the collective experience of the manufacturer. The in-service conditions for the use of Bode 100 may vary between customers and end-users.
Page 9: Compliance Statements And Recycling
EMC directive. Information for disposal and recycling Bode 100 and all of its accessories are not intended for household use. At the end of its service life, do not dispose of the test set with household waste! For customers in EU countries (incl.
Page 10: Bode 100 And Accessories
BNC adapters (straight, T, Short, Bode 100 Quick Start Guide Load 50 Ω) The delivered items may vary a bit from the look shown above. Please refer to the packing list received with the Bode 100 for further information OMICRON Lab...
Page 11: Optional Accessories
B-LFT 100 order number: OL000169 PML-111O 10:1 Passive Probe PML-111O is a passive 10:1 probe designed for the input stage of Bode 100. It is manufactured by PMK in Germany and fits perfectly to the Bode 100. Order number: OL000110 B-WIC &...
Page 12: Technical Data
Technical data In this section you can find the most important technical data for the Bode 100 Revision 2. Technical data can change without notice. You can download a detailed technical data sheet for Bode 100 from the OMICRON Lab website www.omicron-lab.com...
Page 13: Bode 100 Specifications
USB type B socket DC Power requirements Supply voltage range +9 ... 24 V Minimum DC supply power 10 W Connector Coaxial power socket (2.5 mm / 5.5mm) We strongly recommend to use the power supply delivered with Bode 100. OMICRON Lab...
Page 14: System Requirements
Graphics card DirectX 11 with Direct2D support USB interface USB 2.0 or higher Operating System Microsoft Windows 10 Software Bode 100 Revision 2 requires Bode Analyzer Suite 3.00 or newer. Environmental requirements Table 5-4: Environmental requirements Characteristic Condition Rating Temperature Storage -35 ...
Page 15: Device Overview
Device overview Device overview Bode 100 is a USB controlled vector network analyzer. The system consists of the Bode 100 hardware and the Bode Analyzer Suite software. In the following the Bode 100 hardware is described in detail. To learn more about the Bode Analyzer Suite, please check out 7.1 Start screen...
Page 16 Bode 100 provides the following three connectors at the rear panel: • DC power input: input for DC voltages from 9 V to 24 V (5.5 mm coaxial plug with 2.5 mm pin) • USB: data interface (USB type B port) •...
Page 17: Block Diagram
• Signal source: The signal source of Bode 100 consists of an adjustable DDS sine-wave generator and adjustable amplifiers. The output impedance of Bode 100 is 50 Ω. More information can be found in Signal Source Settings on page 80 Internal reference connections allow to directly connect the source signal to the receivers.
Page 18: Functional Description
Currently there are two mayor hardware revisions of Bode 100 available. Revision 1 and Revision 2. To find out if you are using a Bode 100 R1 or a Bode 100 R2, check the identification plate on the bottom of the device.
Page 19: Bode Analyzer Suite Introduction
In this section you will learn the basics of the Bode Analyzer Suite 3.25. The window structure and the main functionality is explained. Step-by-step examples Get a quick introduction to the Bode Analyzer Suite and how to use Bode 100 by following the step-by-step examples. The following examples are available in this manual: •...
Page 20: Main Window
The Start screen allows the following user interactions: • Choose the device to use (1.). This field is only visible if you have a Bode 100 device connected to your PC. • Open a recent file or other file (2.). On your first start-up the demo-files are listed here. Check out examples that explain the content of the demo-files.
Page 21 11.3 Working with cursors and the cursor table on page 125. Status bar The status bar shows the connection state of the hardware and the receiver levels. Further possibilities are signal source control and internal device calibration control. OMICRON Lab...
Page 22: Measurement Configuration
Logarithmic and the number of points in the sweep can be chosen. In Fixed Frequency mode only the Source frequency can be adjusted. In this case the Bode 100 will display a vector chart instead of a frequency dependent chart. Source level Choose between a constant or variable output level (shaped level) and set the source level.
Page 23 39. Note that this field is only visible if a reflection measurement is performed. Measurement mode Shows what measurement mode is currently used. All available measurement modes are explained in 8 Measurement types and applications on page 36. OMICRON Lab...
Page 24: Trace Configuration
Furthermore it can be selected via the "Show with" checkbox in which diagram the memory data is shown. Learn more about the memory curves in 11.4 Using the memory traces on page 130. OMICRON Lab...
Page 25 Figure 7-3: Collapsing the measurement and trace configuration areas The width of the right trace settings region can be adjusted as desired. If you have long trace names, you can increase the width of the trace configuration region. OMICRON Lab...
Page 26: Ribbon Controls
Store the current measurement data to a new or existing memory trace. • Show all available memory traces in the diagram. • Hide all available memory traces. They will not be shown in the diagram. • Delete all memory traces. OMICRON Lab...
Page 27 Arrange multiple diagrams side by side. • Arrange multiple diagrams from top to bottom other. Activate averaging. More details can be found in 11.8 Averaging page 150. Open a text field to add text notes to the current measurement. OMICRON Lab...
Page 28 (x10) or octave (x2) or constant linear distance which will maintain the current frequency delta value. You can find more information about how to work with cursors in 11.3 Working with cursors and the cursor table on page 125. OMICRON Lab...
Page 29: Status Bar
The Status bar has several displays and interactive control elements. These are: Source indicator The source indicator shows if the signal source of Bode 100 is switched on. By moving the mouse over the indicator, a pop-up allows to change between Auto off and Always on setting. More details regarding the source setting can be found in 9.4 Signal...
Page 30: Chart Context Menu
Cursor 1 & Cursor 2: Allows to access several cursor functions to position the cursors to the maximum, minimum or zero crossing of the measurement traces. 11.3 Working with cursors and the cursor table on page 125 for details on these functions. OMICRON Lab...
Page 31: Options Menu
The Options menu allows you to modify several functions of the Bode Analyzer Suite. You can access the Options menu by either clicking the icon in the top right corner of the Bode Analyzer Suite's main window or by clicking File → Options. Figure 7-4: Bode Analyzer Suite Options menu OMICRON Lab...
Page 32 The options menu allows you to configure the following settings: General: Default level unit: allows you to change the unit for Bode 100's source level setting. You can choose dBm, Vpp or Vrms. dBm defines the power dissipated into 50 Ω load.
Page 33 Finally you can select if the report should be opened after its generation and the program that should be used to display the report. Detailed information is available in 11.1.6 Generate a PDF report on page 116. OMICRON Lab...
Page 34 By enabling this mode you can make it easier to find out to which trace a memory belongs. If activated each memory alternates the memory color and the color of the trace it belongs to as shown below: OMICRON Lab...
Page 35 Activate port extension to switch on the Port extension feature. The icon will be shown in the Home ribbon. For more details, please refer to Port extension. Hint: Click to switch back to the default settings of all options at any time. OMICRON Lab...
Page 36: Measurement Types And Applications
Measurement types and applications Bode 100 allows measuring Gain as well as Impedance, Reflection and Admittance. The following chapters introduce you to the basics of the Gain Impedance / Reflection / Admittance measurements. For an easy use, the Bode Analyzer Suite supports different measurement types / modes for different applications.
Page 37: Gain Measurement Introduction
Measurement types and applications Gain measurement introduction Bode 100 offers two different ways of measuring Gain. Either with the internal reference or the external reference. Internal reference means that Receiver 1 is internally connected to the Bode 100 signal source picking up the source voltage. External reference means that Receiver 1 is routed to the front panel input Channel 1.
Page 38 H and φ the phase of H. ω is the angular frequency with the frequency f. Group delay Tg is calculated by symmetric difference quotient Q(Tg) is the quality factor derived from the group delay OMICRON Lab...
Page 39: Impedance Measurement Introduction
Measurement types and applications Impedance measurement introduction Bode 100 offers several ways of measuring Impedance, Reflection or Admittance. Impedance, Reflection and Admittance are directly related to each other by the following equations: Admittance Y is the reciprocal of the impedance Z.
Page 40 Nyquist: Displays the measured impedance in a Nyquist chart Q(Tg): Displays the Q-factor derived from group delay. This value is used for NISM (see Cursor calculations details). tan(δ): Displays the tan(δ) of the measured admittance. (see Impedance result equations for details). OMICRON Lab...
Page 41 Nyquist: Displays the measured admittance in a Nyquist chart. Q(Tg): Displays the Q-factor derived from group delay (see Cursor calculations for details). tan(δ): Displays the tan(δ) of the measured admittance. (see Impedance result equations for details) OMICRON Lab...
Page 42 Q: Displays the Q-factor of the measured reflection (see Impedance result equations for details). Nyquist: Displays the measured reflection in a Nyquist chart. Q(Tg): Displays the Q-factor derived from the group delay (see Cursor calculations for details). OMICRON Lab...
Page 43 G is the real part of the admittance (conductance) and B the imaginary part of the admittance (susceptance). ω is the angular frequency with the frequency f. Parallel equivalent resistance Rp Parallel equivalent capacitance Cp Parallel equivalent inductance Lp Parallel circuit quality factor Q tan(d) of admittance OMICRON Lab...
Page 44: Vector Network Analysis
The Transmission / Reflection measurement mode allows to measure both, Transmission (Gain) and Reflection (Impedance). It is possible to select e.g. a Gain measurement in Trace 1 and an Impedance measurement in Trace 2. Bode 100 will then sequentially measure Gain and Impedance.
Page 45 Follow the steps described below to perform a Transmission / Reflection measurement: Connect the test object "IF Filter" to Bode 100 using two BNC cables as shown in the figure below. Figure 8-1: Connecting the test object IF Filter to Bode 100...
Page 46 Before starting the measurement set the Start and Stop frequency to the values shown below: After setting the Start and Stop frequency the Center frequency as well as the frequency Span are set automatically. Alternatively you can enter the Span and Center and the Start and Stop frequency are updated accordingly OMICRON Lab...
Page 47 Trace 1 (red curve) shows the Magnitude of the Gain (= Magnitude of S21) while Trace 2 (blue curve) shows the Magnitude of Reflection (= Magnitude of S11). You can change Format for both traces to display other results such as Phase or Real and Imaginary components OMICRON Lab...
Page 48 To optimize the chart you can right click onto the chart and select Optimize as shown below. For more information on the chart's context menu check out 7.3 Chart context menu on page 30. Figure 8-3: Context menu of chart OMICRON Lab...
Page 49 125. Figure 8-4: Use of cursors and cursor grid Congratulations you have performed your first measurement with the Bode 100. You can load the settings for the measurement by clicking File → Open → and then navigating to: "%APPDATA% \OMICRON Lab\Bode Analyzer Suite\Demo Files\".
Page 50: Gain / Phase
This means that both Channel 1 and Channel 2 are active. The Gain Measurement Bode 100 measures Gain therefore equals the transfer function of a 2-port DUT if Channel 1 is connected to the DUT input port and Channel 2 is connected to the DUT output port. The inputs Channel 1 and Channel 2 are set to 1 MΩ...
Page 51: Reflection With External Coupler
Reflection with external coupler The External coupler measurement mode is designed to measure reflection using an external coupler. This offers the possibility to use an external amplifier and protect the inputs of Bode 100 by using an external directional coupler.
Page 52: Impedance Analysis
Bode 100 can measure impedance directly at the output port. Measurement information Bode 100 derives the impedance by evaluating the internal source voltage and the output voltage. Receiver 1 as well as Receiver 2 are internally connected. General details on impedance measurements with Bode 100 can be found in 8.2 Impedance measurement introduction...
Page 53 However, to achieve highest accuracy a calibration is recommended. Furthermore a calibration allows to move the reference plane from the output port of Bode 100 to the end of a connection cable. This compensates the effect of the connection cable.
Page 54 Now start the Bode Analyzer Suite and enter the One-Port measurement mode by clicking Impedance Analysis and then Before starting the measurement set the Center frequency, frequency Span and the Number of points to the values shown below. Further on, select sweep linear: OMICRON Lab...
Page 55 Trace 1 (red curve) shows the Magnitude of the Quartz Filter's impedance while Trace 2 (blue curve) shows the Phase of the Quartz Filter's impedance. Before continuing the measurement please switch of Trace 2 by unchecking the corresponding check OMICRON Lab...
Page 56 56 Figure 8-8: Optimizing the frequency resolution with Get from zoom For more information on the zoom functions and optimizing check out 11.2.2 Zooming the measurement curve on page 119 and 7.3 Chart context menu on page 30. OMICRON Lab...
Page 57 Jump to Min (Trace 1). Then right-click into the chart area once more and choose Cursor 2 and then Jump to Max (Trace 1) Figure 8-9: Using the cursor jump functions For more information on cursor functions visit 11.3 Working with cursors and the cursor table page 125. OMICRON Lab...
Page 58 This means that at the series and parallel resonance the impedance of our quartz filter should be purely resistive. An elegant way to check this is to display the quartz filters reflection curve as a Smith chart. OMICRON Lab...
Page 59 To display the Smith chart of our quartz filter's impedance apply the settings shown below to Trace 1: After applying the settings a smith chart like the one shown below will be displayed: Figure 8-11: Smith chart of the 12 MHz Quartz Filter OMICRON Lab...
Page 60 Fell free to use more points and zooming to determine the exact frequencies at which the imaginary part of the impedance becomes 0 Ω Congratulations you have performed your impedance measurement with the Bode 100. You can load the settings for the measurement by clicking File → Open → and then navigating to: "%APPDATA%\OMICRON Lab\Bode Analyzer Suite\Demo Files\".
Page 61: Impedance Adapter
With B-WIC and B-SMC, the dynamic range of both input channels is used. This widens the usable impedance measurement range to 20 mΩ to 600 kΩ. It is recommended to use the 0.5 m BNC cables delivered with Bode 100 to connect B-WIC or B-SMC to the Bode 100.
Page 62 In this measurement example we will determine the inductance (Ls) and the equivalent series resistance (Rs) of an inductance with the B-WIC impedance measurement adapter for through-hole- type components. Connect the B-WIC to Bode 100 using three BNC cables as shown below. Figure 8-12: Connecting the B-WIC to Bode 100...
Page 63 As a result you will see a first measurement comparable to the one shown in the figure below. For sure your result will look different since you are using a different inductor. Figure 8-13: Impedance measurement of an Inductor OMICRON Lab...
Page 64 Ls of the inductor simply change the format for Trace 1 and Trace 2 as shown. To get a better view on the Ls and Rs it is recommended to switch to two diagrams. To do so follow the instructions described in 11.2.1 Configure the diagrams on page 117. OMICRON Lab...
Page 65 The resistance of the inductor starts around 147 mΩ and rises up to 10 Ω at 100 kHz. • Above 10 kHz the inductance starts to drop and at roughly 2 MHz the inductor has its self- resonance frequency. Above the self-resonance frequency, the capacitive behavior dominates. OMICRON Lab...
Page 66: Shunt-Thru
Congratulations you have successfully used the B-WIC impedance measurement adapter with the Bode 100. You can load the settings for the measurement by clicking File → Open → and then navigating to: "%APPDATA%\OMICRON Lab\Bode Analyzer Suite\Demo Files\". The file you will need is: ImpAdapt_Inductor.bode3.
Page 67 To improve signal to noise ratio for very low impedance measurements, you can use a 50 Ω amplifier at the Output of Bode 100 as shown in the image below. Use calibration to remove the amplifier gain and phase shift.
Page 68: Shunt-Thru With Series Resistance
66. Measurement information Bode 100 measures S21 gain and calculates impedance Z using the equation: Compared to the normal Shunt-Thru measurement mode, the series resistors increase the maximum measurable impedance. This is of advantage when one needs to measure from roughly 10 mΩ to some kΩs.
Page 69: Series-Thru
S21 parameter. Measurement information Bode 100 measures S21 gain and calculates impedance Z using the equation: The Series-Thru configuration offers high sensitivity for high-impedance DUTs. Impedance values in the MΩ region can be measured. Using an output amplifier further increases the upper impedance measurement limit.
Page 70: Voltage/Current
L, C and Q calculations. Measurement information Bode 100 measures Gain and transforms it directly to impedance Z using: The voltage/current measurement is very flexible. The usable impedance measurement range cannot be generalized since it strongly depends on the used probes and connections.
Page 71: External Bridge
Measurement example For a detailed measurement example using the external bridge measurement mode, please check out the High-impedance measurement application note at www.omicron-lab.com/BodeManualAppNotes. OMICRON Lab...
Page 72: Advanced
The SCPI Server mode allows you to start a localhost SCPI server that offers you an SCPI interface to control the Bode 100. The SCPI localhost server allows you to control the Bode 100 via SCPI commands. Please note that BAS 3.25 is a first experimental version that does not offer any GUI related features. You can only access functions that are also available via the Bode Automation Interface.
Page 73 Furthermore, SCPI status-byte information from the device is shown. The BAS 3.25 SCPI interface is not a remote control of the Bode Analyzer Suite. If an SCPI server is running, you cannot control theBode 100 via Bode Analyzer Suite at the same time. OMICRON Lab...
Page 74: Measurement And Device Settings
By clicking on the Hardware setup icon , the hardware setup dialog is opened. The hardware setup dialog shows the internal connections of Bode 100 as well as the external connection to the DUT. Depending on the selected measurement mode, hardware settings such as Channel termination, Receiver connection or an external Probe factor can be changed.
Page 75 Depending on the measurement mode, some of the following settings can be changed by the user: • Source mode: Choose between Auto off or Always on. More details on the source behavior of Bode 100 can be found in 9.4 Signal source settings on page 80.
Page 76: Receiver Bandwidth
The system will automatically reduce the RBW value when it measures at a frequency below the max. RBW value. It is impossible to measure e.g. at 10 Hz using a receiver bandwidth setting greater than 10 Hz. Use the setting to adjust the maximum RBW used during the measurement. OMICRON Lab...
Page 77 100 Hz 30 ms 300 Hz 10 ms 1 kHz 3.8 ms 3 kHz 2.1 ms 5 kHz 1.7 ms Besides the RBW setting, the receiver attenuator plays an important role to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR). OMICRON Lab...
Page 78: Choosing The Receiver Attenuator
The receiver attenuator reduces the signal level that arrives at the receiver. This leads to a higher full- scale measurement range when using higher attenuator values. The following table shows the relation between attenuator value and full-scale input range: Attenuator setting Bode 100 full-scale input measurement range 0 dB 100 mVrms 10 dB...
Page 79 Figure 9-5: The overload at resonance is shown in the level bar in the status bar and as a text warning in the chart. The curve contains a shaded area that shows exactly at which frequencies the overload did occur. OMICRON Lab...
Page 80: Signal Source Settings
Output level unit Bode 100 by default uses dBm as the output level unit. 1 dBm equals 1 mW at 50 Ω load. You can also choose Vrms or Vpp as output unit however, please don't forget that the real output voltage of Bode 100 depends on the impedance connected to the output.
Page 81 Measurement and Device settings Shaped level The shaped level feature of Bode 100 allows changing the output level over frequency. To use the shaped level feature, click on the slider selector to switch between constant and variable level After switching to variable, the Output level text field changes its name to Reference level and the...
Page 82 When changing the reference level it might happen that the calculated Output level is higher than the maximum output level of Bode 100 or lower than the minimum output level of Bode 100. In such a case the level is automatically limited to the device limits.
Page 83: Using External Probes
Measurement and Device settings Using external probes You can use any probe with Bode 100 that offers a standard BNC connector. The use of probes can have the following advantages: • Reduction of the capacitive loading added by connecting Bode 100 to your circuit.
Page 84 User-Range calibration or a Full-Range calibration, the probe factor has no direct effect on the measurement result anymore. An external calibration compensates the gain and phase response of the probes and therefore overrides the probe factor setting. OMICRON Lab...
Page 85: Calibration / Correction
Bode 100 offers the following possibilities to calibrate a test setup or the device itself: Factory calibration / adjustment Bode 100 can be adjusted / re-calibrated at OMICRON. For details regarding this factory calibration, please contact the OMICRON Lab support or your local OMICRON Lab contact.
Page 86: Performing A Gain Calibration
3. The calibration dialog opens and the calibration state shows Not Performed. 4. Ensure that the calibration setup is connected properly and press Start. 5. Wait until the calibration has completed and the calibration state shows Performed. 6. Close the calibration dialog. OMICRON Lab...
Page 87 Calibration / Correction 7. The calibration icon now shows a green background fill. This means calibration is activated. 8. You can now connect your DUT and perform a calibrated measurement. OMICRON Lab...
Page 88: Calibrating A Transmission (S21) Measurement
Figure 10-1: Gain, respectively Thru calibration setup in a transmission measurement. The factory calibration of Bode 100 moves the reference plane exactly between two cables of 0.5 m length. So you can measure S21 using the delivered cables having a well calibrated test-setup.
Page 89: Calibrating A Gain/Phase Measurement
In this section you learn how to calibrate a gain measurement in the Gain/Phase measurement mode. The Gain/Phase measurement mode uses Channel 1 and Channel 2 of Bode 100 to measure the transfer function of a DUT. Channel 1 must be connected to the input of the DUT and Channel 2 to the output of the DUT.
Page 90 Hint: When measuring a transfer function directly in a circuit you can always check your calibration by connecting both probes to the same point in the circuit. The result must show 0 dB and 0 °. Please note that this measurement might be influenced by additional noise from the circuit. OMICRON Lab...
Page 91: Performing An Impedance Calibration
Furthermore it can be used to shift the reference plane of a one-port reflection measurement from the Bode 100 output port to the end of a cable of arbitrary length. This is achieved by measuring known Open, Short and Load elements.
Page 92 This means that the calibration is active now. You can connect your DUT and perform a calibrated measurement. Advanced Settings in Open/Short/Load calibration The calibration dialog offers an Advanced Settings region that can be unfolded by clicking on the arrow OMICRON Lab...
Page 93 For small values of Ts, the short delay time can be translated into an equivalent inductance of Take care when measuring small inductance values in the nH range. The short-delay time or parasitic inductance of the short will have a strong impact on a low-inductance respectively a low impedance measurement. OMICRON Lab...
Page 94: Calibrating A Reflection Or One-Port Impedance Measurement
In the Transmission / Reflection measurement mode or in the One-Port impedance measurement mode both receivers are internally connected to the 50 Ω source resistance. Bode 100 is internally calibrated such that it measures the Impedance/Reflection directly at the OUTPUT port of the device.
Page 95 Connect Load and press Start. Wait until the Load calibration has performed. Hint: The load delivered with the Bode 100 is marked with its exact impedance. You can improve the calibration accuracy by entering this value in the Advanced Settings area.
Page 96: Calibrating An External Coupler Or External Bridge Measurement
Channel 1 and Channel 2. Therefore all three ports of Bode 100 must be used in these measurement modes. A directional coupler or a resistive measurement bridge is never ideal and therefore introduces errors caused by e.g.
Page 97 Delay Time Setting (50 ps default). Connect Short and press Start. Wait until the Short calibration has performed. Check if your Load element fits the Load Resistance Setting (50 Ω default). Connect Load and press Start. Wait until the Load calibration has performed. OMICRON Lab...
Page 98: Calibrating An Impedance Adapter Measurement
Channel 1 and Channel 2 at the front panel of Bode 100. The Impedance Adapter measurement mode is designed for component impedance measurements performed with the B-WIC and B-SMC impedance test-fixtures from OMICRON Lab. B-WIC and B-SMC contain a resistive measurement bridge, which is specifically optimized for Bode 100.
Page 99 B-SMC impedance test fixtures. Note that in the Impedance Adapter measurement mode the default value for Load Resistor is 100 Ω and the default value for Short Delay Time is 0 ps. Open (B-WIC) Open (B-SMC) Short (B-WIC) Short (B-SMC) Load (B-WIC) Load (B-SMC) OMICRON Lab...
Page 100: Calibrating A Shunt-Thru Or Series-Thru Measurement
In this section you learn how to calibrate an Impedance, Reflection or Admittance measurement in the Shunt-Thru or Series-Thru measurement mode. Shunt-Thru and Series-Thru are based on a S21 Transmission measurement. Bode 100 measures S21 and the Bode Analyzer Suite calculates impedance from the S21 measurement. Details on the calculation can be found in 8.2.3 Shunt-Thru...
Page 101 Open can introduce an error. Try keeping it as small as possible. Short calibration. Note that the inductance of the short connection is assumed to be zero. Short Delay Time is 0 s by default. OMICRON Lab...
Page 102: Calibrating A Voltage/Current Measurement
In this section you learn how to calibrate an Impedance, Reflection or Admittance measurement in the Voltage/Current measurement mode. The Voltage/Current measurement mode is based on an Gain measurement. Bode 100 measures Gain from Channel 1 to Channel 2. Impedance equals Gain if Channel 1 receives a current signal and Channel 2 receives a voltage signal.
Page 103: Further Calibration Information
Full-Range calibration measures the correction factors over the "full" frequency range of the instrument at factory-predefined frequencies. User-Range calibration measures the correction factors at exactly the same frequency range and frequency points that are used in the measurement currently configured by the user. OMICRON Lab...
Page 104 This results in highest accuracy especially when using long cables or narrow-band probes that show significant gain/phase shift in the measurement range. User-Range calibration is deleted immediately when the measurement frequencies are changed! OMICRON Lab...
Page 105: Enabling And Disabling A Calibration
Therefore both calibration icons have a green border. The software however chooses User-Range calibration to be active. This is indicated by the green fill of the User-Range icon. By clicking on the Full-Range calibration icon, the user could force the Full-Range calibration to be active. OMICRON Lab...
Page 106: Re-Performing A Calibration
1 Hz. This is indicated by an orange Full-Range calibration icon. Re-performing calibration will run the calibration from 1 Hz and the icon will turn green again. Note that the calibration takes significantly longer when it starts at 1 Hz. OMICRON Lab...
Page 107: Automatic Deletion Of Calibration
Hardware incompatibilities between Bode 100 R1 and Bode 100 R2 • Full-Range calibration from Bode 100 R1 is not compatible to Full-Range calibration of Bode 100 R2. Full-Range calibration will be deleted automatically when opening a bode-file created with a different hardware revision.
Page 108: Exporting Calibration Data
The .mcalx file can be loaded only in the Automation Interface (see: 12 Automating measurements on page 154 ! To save a calibration for use in the Bode Analyzer Suite, please simply save the measurement file (.bode3) that contains the calibration as well. OMICRON Lab...
Page 109: Bode Analyzer Suite Software Features
• .bode files created with Bode Analyzer Suite 2.41 or older You can save and load .bode3 files on different Bode 100 devices. Note, however, that calibration data might be deleted when opening the .bode3 file with a different hardware revision.
Page 110 Include cursor table: Activate the checkbox to include the cursor table in the copied image. In addition you can specify the position of the cursor table in the interactive picture below the checkbox. OMICRON Lab...
Page 111: Use The Clipboard To Import Data
Before you can paste data from another .bode3 file, you must copy the data into the clipboard. Right- click the trace you want to copy, use and select the corresponding trace. You can only paste single traces. If you use "Copy all traces" you cannot paste the data into another file. OMICRON Lab...
Page 112 .bode3 file. In such a case, Bode Analyzer Suite will show a selection possibility where you can choose to select Gain or Impedance data or choose to paste data as Gain or Impedance. OMICRON Lab...
Page 113: Exporting Measurement Data To Csv Or Excel Files
Press this button to store your settings for future exports. You can find the default settings also in the options dialog accessible in the main window via Press the Save as button to specify a file name and save your export file. OMICRON Lab...
Page 114 Press this button to store your settings for future exports. You can find the default settings also in the options dialog accessible in the main window via Press the Save as button to specify a file name and save your export file. OMICRON Lab...
Page 115: Generating A Touchstone File
Press this button to store your settings for future exports. You can find the default settings also in the options dialog accessible in the main window via Press the Save as button to specify a file name and save your export file. OMICRON Lab...
Page 116: Generate A Pdf Report
The default custom report template is intended to be a starting point for customizing your own report. You can find the custom template file at: %appdata%\OMICRON Lab\Bode Analyzer Suite \ReportTemplates\3.25\template_sweep_custom.xlsx Open file after saving Is activated by default. If you don't enter a program path in the text field below, the default Windows program for PDF files will be used to open your saved PDF report.
Page 117: Using The Interactive Chart
Figure 11-1: Two measurement traces in one diagram using two axis (left and right) It is not always possible to display two traces in one diagram. If one of the two traces is set to a Polar, Smith, Nyquist or Nichols diagram, automatically two diagrams will be displayed. OMICRON Lab...
Page 118 This results in two separate diagrams as shown below. Figure 11-2: Displaying two traces in a separate diagram setting the chart setup to One axis per chart You can configure your preferred style in the options menu under the Chart Settings. OMICRON Lab...
Page 119: Zooming The Measurement Curve
Figure 11-3: Zooming in by click and drag from top-left to bottom right Whenever you have zoomed in the diagram, the axis label shows additional arrows to indicate that a zoom is active. OMICRON Lab...
Page 120 To zoom out, click into the chart and drag from bottom-right to top-left as shown in the figure below: Figure 11-4: Zooming out by click and drag from bottom-right to top-left Alternatively you can right-click into the chart and use the function in the context menu of the chart as shown below. OMICRON Lab...
Page 121 Get from zoom. After clicking Get from zoom, the resonance is captured nicely. After pressing Get from zoom, the zoom is not active anymore and the button is disabled. Figure 11-5: Increasing the frequency resolution in a zoom window using Get from zoom OMICRON Lab...
Page 122: Optimize The Axis Scaling / Autoscale
A normal diagram with frequency on the x-axis has two y-axis settings (Ymax and Ymin) as shown below: Figure 11-6: Manually configuring the axis limits via the trace configuration Diagrams such as Polar, Nyquist or Smith have more axis settings to allow to choose the visible range in the diagram. OMICRON Lab...
Page 123 Use Optimize to automatically optimize the axis scaling To automatically optimize the axes of your measurement curve, right-click into the chart and click After clicking optimize the axis settings are automatically adjusted as shown below: Figure 11-7: Use Optimize to automatically adjust the axis settings OMICRON Lab...
Page 124 Clicking Reset Zoom • Clicking Optimize • Manually adjusting the axis in the trace configuration • Using Reset axes Reset axes If you want to reset the chart axes to the default values, right-click into the chart and use OMICRON Lab...
Page 125: Working With Cursors And The Cursor Table
• You can also enter a delta value and the second cursor will try to find a frequency where the delta value can be achieved. If an entered value cannot be found, the following information is shown. OMICRON Lab...
Page 126: Using Cursors In The Chart
, then click and drag the cursor to the position you like. Alternatively you can use the left and right arrow keys of your keyboard to move the cursors. Note, this will always move the cursor that was last moved using the mouse. OMICRON Lab...
Page 127 Jump to Max. Hint: If you use Track instead of Find, the maximum, minimum or zero crossing will be automatically searched every time a sweep as completed. This is especially useful when you use fast sweeps. OMICRON Lab...
Page 128: Link Cursors
2). • Linear Distance...the distance between Cursor A and Cursor B will be kept at the current distance in Hz. Cursor A and Cursor B need to be selected accordingly in the drop-down boxes in the ribbon. OMICRON Lab...
Page 129 -5.7dB/octave and therefore close to the ideal -6dB/octave. By using the mouse, the cursors can be moved from one frequency to another and the slope can be directly read in the cursor grid since the second cursor automatically follows at a defined distance. OMICRON Lab...
Page 130: Using The Memory Traces
Memory ribbon. This will lead to a new curve in the diagram as shown in the figure below. Figure 11-9: Using memory curves to see changes in the measurement and to compare different curves OMICRON Lab...
Page 131 You can use multiple memories to determine the change of your DUT depending on a parameter. The following figure shows an example of how the parallel resonance frequency of the quartz filter changes when touching it. Figure 11-10: Using the memories to compare different measurements OMICRON Lab...
Page 132 When you hover over the memory name on the memory configuration box, the corresponding memory curve will be highlighted in the diagram. The memory configuration box gives you information on when the memory was stored and allows you to control the memory curves. OMICRON Lab...
Page 133 Alternating memory trace color mode: Activate this option to color-code the memory curves with the corresponding trace color. With this mode it is easier to distinguish between multiple memories when more than one trace is shown in a diagram. OMICRON Lab...
Page 134: Working With Measurement And Math Traces
Choose either a linear Y-axis or a logarithmic Y-axis. In addition you can set it to Log(|Y|) to avoid the logarithms of negative numbers. Use the checkbox left of the trace name to disable or enable the trace. Rename the trace by double-clicking on the trace name. OMICRON Lab...
Page 135: Measurement Traces
(Gain), the selection will be disabled. Use the eye icon to hide the measurement data in a chart. Note: If you disable the a trace using the checkbox, the corresponding axis or chart will be removed as well. OMICRON Lab...
Page 136: Math Traces
Either linear interpolation will be used to find the needed operand values or the values will be skipped. • A Memory cannot be created from of a Math trace . OMICRON Lab...
Page 137: Expression Traces
Figure 11-11: An example expression creating the sum of two impedance values plotting the result in the second chart. In case a Measurement trace is used in an expression, the expression result will be updated simultaneous with the running measurement. OMICRON Lab...
Page 138 - Here, you can find the available variables, operators, constants and settings you can use in the expressions. Enter an Expression To enter an expression, you must at least: 1. Enter the expression in the expression field 2. Select the right result type 3. Click Apply & Close OMICRON Lab...
Page 139 The result type can be chosen from one of the pre-defined result types Impedance, Admittance, Reflection, Gain or a custom result type can be selected. When selecting custom, the unit can be entered in the text field or left empty for a unit-less value. OMICRON Lab...
Page 140 If the frequency points of the used operands differ, an info icon will be shown in the trace header . Either linear interpolation will be used to find the needed operand values or the values will be skipped. OMICRON Lab...
Page 141: Port Extension
Port extension is active (green colored background). colored icon background). By clicking on the lower part of the icon you can open the port extension configuration window. To do so, click on configure port extension as shown below. OMICRON Lab...
Page 142 100 m. In the example below, a 10 mm long RG58 cable shall be compensated. The physical length as well as the velocity factor and the cable loss are entered. OMICRON Lab...
Page 143: Cursor Calculations
As a next step, follow the instruction in the GUI and place Cursor 1 to the peak in the Q(Tg) result. The phase margin calculation method shows the phase margin result in the cursor ribbon as shown in the following figure: OMICRON Lab...
Page 144 Cursor 1 at the peak in the Q(Tg) curve and Cursor 2 at the peak of the impedance magnitude curve. To learn more about the non-invasive-stability measurement, please refer to the corresponding application note available at www.omicron-lab.com/BodeManualAppNotes. OMICRON Lab...
Page 145: Fres-Q Calculation
Trace 1. As an alternative also the Magnitude or Phase can be used. If multiple traces contain values or if a memory is linked to the cursor table, then the calculation can also be applied to these curves. OMICRON Lab...
Page 146 The result in this example indicates a resonance frequency of 129.25 kHz and a Q-factor of 24.5. To learn more about contactless resonance frequency and Q-factor measurements of RFID transponders, please refer to the corresponding application note available at www.omicron- lab.com/BodeManualAppNotes. OMICRON Lab...
Page 147: Stability Margin Calculation
. Track margin will automatically search the stability margins after each completed sweep. As a result you can see the three cursor positioned at the frequencies of Phase margin, Gain margin and Stability margin. The results are shown in the cursor table and in the cursor ribbon: OMICRON Lab...
Page 148 Figure 11-15: Stability margins displayed in the loop gain bode plot of a step-down dc/dc converter. Besides the Bode diagram, the stability margins are clearly visible in the Nyquist diagram. See next page. OMICRON Lab...
Page 149 This is why the instability point is displayed at +1. If you have a case, where the instability point should be at -1, Go to the Measurement ribbon and set Instability Point to To learn more about loop gain measurements and stability margin measurements, please check out our webpage: www.omicron-lab.com/BodeManualAppNotes. OMICRON Lab...
Page 150: Averaging
Whenever you activate averaging, two memory buttons are available to copy data to the memory traces. Measurement → new memory will copy the measured result to a new memory trace. Average → new memory will copy the averaged result to a new memory trace. OMICRON Lab...
Page 151: Unwrapped Phase
The following figure shows the Gain and Phase curve of the IF filter DUT delivered with Bode 100: Figure 11-17: Phase-wrap effect caused by the fact that phase can only be measured between -180°...
Page 152 End check boxes and corresponding entry fields to define a frequency range in that the phase shall be unwrapped. This is especially useful when the phase result contains a lot of noise in a specific frequency range. OMICRON Lab...
Page 153: Check For Updates
If your version is up to date, this will be indicated as shown below: If a newer version is available, the Bode Analyzer Suite will inform you by showing an information screen. OMICRON Lab...
Page 154: Automating Measurements
Bode 100. Please use the latest driver 3.25 or newer. The driver is available from www.ni.com. In any case the installation of the USB driver for the Bode 100 device is required. The simplest way to do so is to install the Bode Analyzer Suite.
Page 155: Troubleshooting
Check if the USB cable is properly plugged into the computer and the Bode 100. b. Try disconnecting and re-connecting the USB cable. c. If this does not help, avoid USB hubs and plug Bode 100 directly into an USB port of your computer.
Page 156: Support
Asia-Pacific: +852 3767 5500 Europe / Middle East / Africa: +43 59495 Additionally, you can find the OMICRON Lab Service Center or Sales Partner closest to you at www.omicron-lab.com → Contact. OMICRON Lab OMICRON electronics GmbH, Oberes Ried 1, 6833 Klaus, Austria. +43 59495.
Page 157: Index
Delivered Items .............. 10 Average ................ 150 Disposal ................9 Averaging ..............150 Axis ................117 Axis scaling ..............122 Email (OMICRON Lab email address) ......156 Examples ................ 19 Excel ................113 Block diagram ..............17 Export calibration data ..........108 B-SMC ................61 Expression trace ............
Page 158 Stability measurement ........... 50 Optimize ............... 117 Status bar ..............29 Options Step-by-step examples ........... 19 Chart general ............. 31 Support ................ 156 Chart memory ............ 31 System requirements ............. 14 Clipboard .............. 31 Export ................ 31 General .............. 31 Report ................ 31 Options menu ..............31 Output level ..............80 Overload ................. 78 OMICRON Lab...
Page 159 Index Technical Data ..............12 Absolute maximum ratings ........ 12 Bode 100 specifications ........... 13 Environmental Requirements ........ 14 Mechanical data ............ 14 System requirements .......... 14 Temperature range ........... 14 Technical support ............156 Thru calibration ............88, 89 Touchstone ..............115 Trace configuration ..........

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